Encumber - Splitting Ownership & Guarantees

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-7246 standard.
 */
interface IERC7246{
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `amount` tokens are encumbered from `owner` to `taker`.
     */
    event Encumber(address indexed owner, address indexed taker, uint amount);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the encumbrance of a `taker` to an `owner` is reduced by `amount`.
     */
    event Release(address indexed owner, address indexed taker, uint amount);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the total amount of tokens owned by `owner` that are currently encumbered.
     * MUST never exceed `balanceOf(owner)`
     *
     * Any function which would reduce balanceOf(owner) below encumberedBalanceOf(owner) MUST revert
     */
    function encumberedBalanceOf(address owner) external returns (uint);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens that `owner` has encumbered to `taker`.
     *
     * This value increases when {encumber} or {encumberFrom} are called by the `owner` or by another permitted account.
     * This value decreases when {release} and {transferFrom} are called by `taker`.
     */
    function encumbrances(address owner, address taker) external returns (uint);

    /**
     * @dev Increases the amount of tokens that the caller has encumbered to `taker` by `amount`.
     * Grants to `taker` a guaranteed right to transfer `amount` from the caller's balance by using `transferFrom`.
     *
     * MUST revert if caller does not have `amount` tokens available
     * (e.g. if `balanceOf(caller) - encumbrances(caller) < amount`).
     *
     * Emits an {Encumber} event.
     */
    function encumber(address taker, uint amount) external;

    /**
     * @dev Increases the amount of tokens that `owner` has encumbered to `taker` by `amount`.
     * Grants to `taker` a guaranteed right to transfer `amount` from `owner` using transferFrom
     *
     * The function SHOULD revert unless the owner account has deliberately authorized the sender of the message via some mechanism.
     *
     * MUST revert if `owner` does not have `amount` tokens available
     * (e.g. if `balanceOf(owner) - encumbrances(owner) < amount`).
     *
     * Emits an {Encumber} event.
     */
    function encumberFrom(address owner, address taker, uint amount) external;

    /**
     * @dev Reduces amount of tokens encumbered from `owner` to caller by `amount`
     *
     * Emits a {Release} event.
     */
    function release(address owner, uint amount) external;


    /**
     * @dev Convenience function for reading the unencumbered balance of an address.
     * Trivially implemented as `balanceOf(owner) - encumberedBalanceOf(owner)`
     */
    function availableBalanceOf(address owner) public view returns (uint);
}

// An erc-20 token that implements the encumber interface by blocking transfers.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import {ERC20} from "../lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import { IERC7246 } from "./IERC7246.sol";

contract EncumberableERC20 is ERC20, IERC7246 {
    // Owner -> Taker -> Amount that can be taken
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint)) public encumbrances;

    // The encumbered balance of the token owner. encumberedBalance must not exceed balanceOf for a user
    // Note this means rebasing tokens pose a risk of diminishing and violating this prototocol
    mapping (address => uint) public encumberedBalanceOf;

    address public minter;

    constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol) ERC20(name, symbol) {
        minter = msg.sender;
    }

    function mint(address recipient, uint amount) public {
        require(msg.sender == minter, "only minter");
        _mint(recipient, amount);
    }

    function encumber(address taker, uint amount) external {
        _encumber(msg.sender, taker, amount);
    }

    function encumberFrom(address owner, address taker, uint amount) external {
        require(allowance(owner, msg.sender) >= amount);
       _encumber(owner, taker, amount);
    }

    function release(address owner, uint amount) external {
        _release(owner, msg.sender, amount);
    }

    // If bringing balance and encumbrances closer to equal, must check
    function availableBalanceOf(address a) public view returns (uint) {
        return (balanceOf(a) - encumberedBalanceOf[a]);
    }

    function _encumber(address owner, address taker, uint amount) private {
        require(availableBalanceOf(owner) >= amount, "insufficient balance");
        encumbrances[owner][taker] += amount;
        encumberedBalanceOf[owner] += amount;
        emit Encumber(owner, taker, amount);
    }

    function _release(address owner, address taker, uint amount) private {
        if (encumbrances[owner][taker] < amount) {
          amount = encumbrances[owner][taker];
        }
        encumbrances[owner][taker] -= amount;
        encumberedBalanceOf[owner] -= amount;
        emit Release(owner, taker, amount);
    }

    function transfer(address dst, uint amount) public override returns (bool) {
        // check but dont spend encumbrance
        require(availableBalanceOf(msg.sender) >= amount, "insufficient balance");
        _transfer(msg.sender, dst, amount);
        return true;
    }

    function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint amount) public override returns (bool) {
        uint encumberedToTaker = encumbrances[src][msg.sender];
        bool exceedsEncumbrance = amount > encumberedToTaker;
        if (exceedsEncumbrance)  {
            uint excessAmount = amount - encumberedToTaker;

            // check that enough enencumbered tokens exist to spend from allowance
           require(availableBalanceOf(src) >= excessAmount, "insufficient balance");

           // Exceeds Encumbrance , so spend all of it
            _spendEncumbrance(src, msg.sender, encumberedToTaker);

            _spendAllowance(src, dst, excessAmount);
        } else {
            _spendEncumbrance(src, msg.sender, amount);
        }

        _transfer(src, dst, amount);
        return true;
    }

    function _spendEncumbrance(address owner, address taker, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentEncumbrance = encumbrances[owner][taker];
        require(currentEncumbrance >= amount, "insufficient encumbrance");
        uint newEncumbrance = currentEncumbrance - amount;
        encumbrances[owner][taker] = newEncumbrance;
        encumberedBalanceOf[owner] -= amount;
    }
}